COPHY tackles active perception from its two sides: the mental one directly linked to behaviour, and the neurophysiological one. Not only we will rely and contribute to state-of-the-art theories of brain functions, but our originality is to link perception as (active) Bayesian inference and perception as flexible adjustment of nested neuronal oscillations. We rely on this original approach to identify and validate new dynamic markers of typical and pathological prediction, attention and learning which we exploit in innovative clinical brain-computer interfaces.