This research axis builds on foundational insights and computational advancements to create innovative closed-loop neuroscience applications. Leveraging expertise in real-time neural data analysis, we pursue two primary objectives:

• Validating models and biomarkers developed in earlier axes.

• Utilizing these findings to develop robust, personalized brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) and non-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS) techniques for clinical applications

Objective 1: Developing Advanced In Vitro Neural Models

A key aspect of this research involves creating ambitious in vitro models of neural networks, including 2D and 3D brain organoids. These biologically accurate models enable precise control over parameters such as the ratio of excitatory and inhibitory cells and the organization of hierarchically connected populations. Observing these models using high-density microelectrode arrays (MEA) offers unprecedented opportunities to test hypotheses and computational models of brain function.

By placing these organoids in a closed-loop system, we aim to study their responses to stimulation across different timescales. Recent studies suggest that such models may align with active perception principles, such as Bayesian inference. A critical question is whether these organoids will exhibit the expected neuromarkers, such as nested oscillations, as predicted by our theoretical models.

Objective 2: Enhancing BCI and NIBS for Clinical Impact

We aim to advance BCIs and NIBS through innovative approaches that address significant challenges in the field. Our BCIs, primarily leveraging EEG technology, are designed to be portable, affordable, and applicable in real-world scenarios, including bedside and home use. These systems are rooted in theoretical neuroscience and neurophysiology, distinguishing them from engineering-dominated solutions.

Our commitment extends beyond laboratory research to patient-centric solutions. We actively engage in evaluating our technologies with patients through local and multicenter trials, with the goal of developing viable, practical products for clinical use.

This axis uniquely combines fundamental neuroscience research with translational goals, ensuring that the resulting technologies are both scientifically rigorous and tailored to meet the needs of end users. By addressing these challenges, we aim to contribute to the development of personalized and accessible neurotechnologies that improve patient outcomes.