Computational modeling and neural networks help scientists understand how the brain processes information by using computer simulations. Researchers create models that mimic brain activity, allowing them to study cognitive functions like learning, memory, and decision-making. Neural networks, inspired by how real neurons work, process information in layers and can recognize patterns, much like the human brain.

By comparing these models to actual brain activity, scientists can test theories about how we think and even develop better treatments for neurological disorders. This research also helps improve artificial intelligence by making it more brain-like in its learning and problem-solving abilities.